Compounded liquid fuel and method of producing the same



7 is a speclfication.

Patented Nov. 27,

UNITED STATES FF E ,rzs as LOUIS nu PLESSIS CLEMENT, onncivna, DELAWARE, nssreuon T KENT ooun'rv on. I

CORPOBZATION, or LEIISIC, DELAWARE, A CORPORATION or DELAWARE.

I COMPO U NDED'IIIQUID FUEL AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE N 0 Drawing. Application filed May 24,

To all w 710m it may concern:

Be t known that I, LOUIS DU PLEssIs CLEMENT, a citizen of the Kingdom of Denmark, residing at Dover, in the county of 85 Kent and State of Delaware, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Compounded Liquid Fuel and Methods of Producing the Same, of which the following.

10 My invention relates to liquid fuel, such as is suitable for use as av fuel for internal I combustion engines such, for example, as those WhlCll are employed as motors for Q aeroplanes, automobiles, motor boats, and other motor tp'opelled vehicles, and my intively safe which, in the open air evaporates Y relatively slowly; which, when used as a fuel in an internal combustionje-ngine, is more eflicien't and powerful than gasoline or similar fuels; which is not acid in its reaction and therefore does not have the corrosive action of many fuels on the motor or engine, and which is not liable to overheat the engine or motor as do many fuels now commonly used in such motors.

Further objects of my invention will appear in the specification and claims below.

My invention and improved fuel or com- '35 pounded liquid fuel is a substantially colorless liquid which, when stored in ordinary liquid fuel containers, evaporates much more slowly than gasoline, which does not readily flash or explode at atmospheric pressure, and 40 has a flashing point substantially 35Fahr.

below that which a mere untreated mechaniplal mixture 'ofjtoluol and kerosene would ave.

The ingredients which I preferably employ in preparing my new and improved fuel or compounded liquid gas and the preferred proportions thereof, by volume, and

in quantities sufficient to make about 100 gallons of finished product, are as follows:

9 Toluol, 60 gallons; kerosene, 30. gallons;

water, 5 gallons and upward; aluminum sul-' phate, g ound; bicarbonate 'of soda, 4; pound; phuric acid, 4 fluid ounces; bichromate of potassium, up ,to. about 4:

1921. Serial nouuavs;

ounces; liquid naphtha, 21 quarts and upward.

The naphtha above indicated, and which I prefer to use in making my compounded liquid gas, is that having the highest flash test. Instead of aluminum sulphate, I may subst tute a substantially equal quantity of alum ammonium. i

The quality or grade of toluol which I employ is any commercial grade of toluol: may use any of the toluols from pure toluol (toluene) down to toluol which contains a considerable amount of the next higher coal tar distillate (ben zol). As amatter of fact, unless the process of distillation is carried out with great care, commercial toluol usually contains -a considerable quantity of benzol, and frequentl up to 2% of the next heavier distillate (Ky 01). I may use in my process, and with highly satisfactory results, a toluol which contains up to 50% of benzol.

the tank may also vary. It may be repeatedly used, but should be replaced when it contains too many of the impurities removed from the toluol and kerosene during the process. A high grade naphtha should be employed, preferably commerciallypure.

' My improved fuel, or compounded liquid fuel, may be produced" or compounded in many different ways and in any suitable container, but prefer to prepare the same in a steel tank having an outlet at the bottom, preferably controlled by a hand-op erated valve and throughwhich anysediment or precipitate may be drawn'ofi' from time to time, as may. be foundnecessary or desirable. I also preferably provide the said tank with an outlet, also valve-controlled, through which the clear liquid above the precipitatev or sediment, may be siphoned, decanted, or otherwise drawn off from the tank after the precipitate or sediment has The amount of waterwhich is placed in settled to the bottom thereof and the liquid above the deposit has become clear. The tank may be a closed one, or one arranged to be tightly closed so that unnecessary evaporation may be prevented, and'the ingredients are preferablysupplied to, or put into the tank, through a relatively large. opening at the top thereof capable of being tightly closed after the introduction of the inredients into the tank. Such an inletmight be provided by a hand-hole having a said hand-hole.

been dissolved into the water. It may we here be stated that the toluol and kerosene and water, when first introduced into. the tanlg do: not unite or combine. well, at this stage of the process. They tend't'o separate from each other and to form superposed layers in the tank, the kerosene floating on the water, andthe toluol on the kerosene.

I may then substantially simultaneously introduce into the tank from different contai ners' and mix with the ingredients already contained'therein, ,the bicarbonate of soda andsulphuric acid in substantially the proportions above set forth. The handhole orv other inlet may be then quicklytherefore, which have thus been washed out Of them a unitarcy appears to unite with the'impur-ities and-for closed. The introdu tion' of the sulphuric acidand bicarbonate iof soda immediately sets up a chemical agitation'or ebullition of the entire. contents of the tank and the aluminum sulphate will be repeatedly forced throu h the, toluol, kerosene and water, with t e result that the toluol and kerosene becomes thoroughly. cleansed of. foreign matters and impurities, such as metallic. substances or. compounds, fats, heavy oils, parafiine ,and coloring matter. The action of the aluminum sulphate ap' pears also to be one of bringing the toluol and kerosene closely together and to forms homogeneous substance or liquid. The ten ency of the two substances, to uol and kerosene, to separate 'out from each other, particularly upon changes inatmosphere, substantially and practically disappears after this treatment, and the toluol and keroseneact no longer like nere mixtureof liquids having little or no affinity for each'other, but they remain mixedv or united together in permanent stable fluidfolrm.

.After the ebullition "and chemical agitat1on caused by the introduction "of the-bic arbonate of soda and sulphuric acid has ceased, I then addthe bichromate of potassium and the naphtha. The bichromate of potassium elgn matters above referred to, imparting to them a h1gh yellow colorand precipitating them out from the solution. The impurities,

' of th'e'various ingredients by the action of the aluminum sulphate and the bicarbonate of soda and sulphuric/acid, rapidly settle on pheric, pressures.

the bottom of the tank, leaving above the sediment or precipitate, a clear colorless liquid. This settling of impurities or solid matter requires but a relatively short time, such, for example, as from 5 to 10 minutes.

The liquid naphtha which isintroduced at substantially the same time as the bichromate of potassium above referred to, unites or mixes with and forms a permanent partof the clear liquid. Its efiect is to raise and determine or fix the voatilization point of the product. While I have here indicated 4%,} gallons of the naphtha as being the preferred amount to use in the treatment of 100 gallons of the mixture, this amount may be suitably andsubstantially varied to bring the vo'latilization point, of the resultin compounded liquid fuel high or low as esi-red, dependent upon the particular use to which the fuel is to be put.

liquid fuel, ma then be decanted, siphoned, pumped, orothtrwise drawn off from and out of the tank in anydesired manner, so long as the accumulated sediment or pre-' cipitate at the bottom of the tankis not disturbed.

After the' precipitate or sediment has .completely settled on the bottom of the tank,

the clearliquid, which is my compounded The resulting liquid or compounded liquid fuel so drawn off from the tank, may be stored in any suitable container, preferably such as are used for containin gasoline, an maybe shipped to and store at any de; sired place. It will be found to have a flash ing point1 as .determined by a Bureau of Standards flash tester, of about 196 Fahrenheit'or from 30, to 40 F ahr. belowthat which a mere untreated mixture of "toluol and kerosene would have depending however, somewhat upon the amount of naphtha introduced therein. It is clear and substantially colorless. It remains stable and in its original condition, substantially unaffected by ordinary atmospheric changes.

It is much safer than gasoline, because it does not readily flash at ordinary atmosreaction.

While I have'above described the preferred gas, it is to be understood" that the ingredients and the proportions thereof may be varied Within reasonable limits, and that the order of the steps may also be varied,

without departing from .the spirit and scope of my invention.

It does not have an 'acid I away of producing my compounded liquid I Having thus described my invention, what engines and the like comprising a clear,

colorless, homogeneous, stable liquid having.

aflashing point of substantially 196" Fahr.

and comprising toluol, kerosene and naphtha thoroughly agitated in an aqueous solution of aluminum sulphate, the toluol content being substantially twice that of the kerosene content.

2. A method of making compounded liquid fuel which consists in subjecting a mechanical mixture of toluol and kerosene in proportions of two of toluol to one of kerosene, to agitation caused by chemical reaction in an aqueous solution of aluminum sulphate and adding thereto a relatively small quantity of bichromate of potassium to precipitate theinipurities therefrom, and naphtha thereto.

A method of making compounded liquid fuel for internal combustion engines which consists in cleansing by agitation caused by chemical reaction, a mechanical mixture of toluol and kerosene in a solution of aluminum sulphate. adding a relatively small quantity of bichromate of potassium to assist in precipitating the impurities therefrom. and naphtha thereto.

4. The method of making compounded liquid fuel, which consists in mixing. and chemically agitating together. toluol, kerosene, water and aluminum sulphate, adding bichromate of potassium thereto to cause the solid matters therein to settle adding naphthato control and determine the point of volatilization of the resulting composition, and then decanting the clear liquid.

5. The method of making a compounded liquid fuel which consists in mixing the following ingredients in substantially the fol lowing manner'and in substantially the following proportions; toluol gallons), kerosene (30 gallons). water (5 gallons and upward), aluminum sulphate pound); adding thereto bicarbonate of soda pound), and sulphuric acid (4 fluid ounces) after the resulting ebullition has ceased, adding bichromate of potassium (up to about 4 ounces). and fixing theflashing point of the resulting clear liquid by adding naphtha thereto.

6. A liquid fuel for internal combustion engines produced by treating a mixture of toluol and kerosene with aqueous solutions of aluminum sulphate, bicarbonate of soda, and bichromate of potassium, and with sulphuric acid. whereby the reaction of said sulphuric acid on-said bicarbonate of soda produces an ebullition throughout the ingredients which intimately mixes said ingredients, removes and precipitates the impurities from the toluol and kerosene and unites the toluol and kerosene into a clear, colorless, stable, homogeneous liquid.

7. A liquid fuel for internal combustion engines produced by treating a mixture of toluol and kerosene with aqueous solutions of aluminum sulphate, bicarbonate of soda, and bichromate of potassium, and with 'sulphuric acid, whereby the reaction of said sulphuric acid on said bicarbonate of soda produces an ebullition throughout the ingredients which intimately mixes said ingredients, removes and precipitates the impurities from the toluol and kerosene and unites the toluol and kerosene into a clear. colorless, stable, homogeneous liquid, and adding naphtha thereto.

8. A liquid fuel for internal combustion engines and the like produced by mixing toluol and kerosene in an aqueous solution of aluminum sulphate, agitating the mixture by chemical reaction by adding sulphuric acid and bicarbonate of soda thereto, precipitating impurities out of said toluol and kerosene by adding bichromate of potassium, and drawing off the clear liquid above the aqueous solution.

9. A liquid fuel for internal combustionv engines produced by mixing toluol and kerosene in an aqueous solution of aluminum sulphate. agitating by chemical reaction the entire mixture by adding sulphuric acid and bicarbonate of soda thereto. precipitating impurities out of said toluol and kerosene by adding bichromate of potassium,

drawing ofi the clear liquid above the aqueous solution, and adding naphtha thereto.

10. A liquid fuel for internal combustion engines and the like produced by mixing toluol, kerosene and water, adding thereto aluminum sulphate. bicarbonate of soda, sul- 

